Ministry of Environmental Protection and the Ministry of Land yesterday jointly issued the first national survey of soil pollution bulletin. Survey results show that the overall national soil environment is not optimistic, heavy soil pollution in some areas. The point of the total soil exceeding the rate of 16.1%, which exceeded the rate of farmland soil point is as high as 19.4%.
But this long-awaited public communique did not give the country an area of soil pollution data, the ministry explained that the relevant person Inexpensive NFL Jerseys in charge, subject to objective conditions, the survey points to the standard rate to describe soil pollution, give an accurate soil pollution area data have greater difficulties.
release of pollutants in soil exceeded the national 16.1%
The soil pollutionNational Survey began in April 2005, the end of December 2013, the first time in our country. Survey of the territory of China (excluding Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan regions) of the land area of the survey point to cover all arable land, part of the woodland, grassland, unused land and construction land, the actual survey an area of about 6.3 million square kilometers.
bulletin shows that total soil exceeded the national rate of 16.1% in non-model-based pollution types, there are models, followed by a smaller proportion of complex pollution, inorganic contaminants exceeding the median point total exceeded the point 82.8%, mainly inorganic pollutants, including cadmium, mercury, arsenic, copper, lead, chromium, zinc, nickel and other heavy metals, point exceeding rates were 7.0%, 1.6%, 2.7%, 2.1%, 1.5%, 1.1% , 0.9%, 4.8%.
different land use types in the soil, soil arable highest point standard rate, 19.4%, exceeding the rate of forest soils point of 10.0%, exceeding the point grassland soil was 10.4%, and no excessive use of soil point was 11.4%.
The survey also point coordinates based on national soil environmental background values "Plan" period of investigation carried out comparative survey. The results showed that levels of inorganic contaminants in surface soil more significant increase, which generally increased levels of cadmium in the country, Inexpensive NBA Jerseys and coastal areas in the southwest region rose by more than 50%, an increase of 10% -40% in the north, northeast and western regions.
heavily polluting enterprises easily contaminated soil surrounding
Environmental Protection Department official said the country's soil pollution in the process of economic and social development and long-term accumulation of formation, industry and mining, agriculture and other human activities and environmental background values of high soil is mainly caused by soil contamination or excessive.
the official said, exhaust emissions from industrial and mining production and business activities, waste water, waste polluted the surrounding soil. Tailings, hazardous waste and other types of solid waste dumps, etc., can lead to pollution Inexpensive MLB Jerseys of the surrounding soil. And agricultural production activities are causing soil pollution of farmland, irrigation, fertilizers, pesticides, plastic sheeting and other irrational use of agricultural inputs and livestock, have led to soil pollution of farmland. Besides vehicle emissions cause traffic arteries on both sides of the soil lead, zinc and other heavy metals and PAHs.
For this reason, the typical communique on the surrounding land and soil pollution in a statistical. These typical plots of land, including heavily polluting enterprises, industrial wasteland, industrial parks, solid waste treatment and disposal sites, oil, mining areas and trunk roads on both sides of 8 typical plots. The highest rate exceeding three typical plots of land were heavily polluting enterprises (36.3%), industrial waste land (34.9%) and mining areas (33.4%).
doubts contaminated soil area is no specific data
for national soil contaminated area of public concern, the survey did not give specific data. In this regard, the ministry official said, the relative terms of water and air pollution, soil pollution with inhomogeneity characteristics, and the slow migration of contaminants in the soil, accurately grasp the distribution of soil contamination with certain difficulties.
The official said that this soil survey is a preliminary investigation, with none of the nature of the investigation, the purpose is to grasp the overall situation of the country's soil contamination, by objective conditions, the overall point more sparse. To farmland, for example, every 8km × grid (9.6 million acres) 8km of laying a point, can only reflect the overall situation of China's arable soil environmental quality from the macro. Thus, the survey points to the standard rate to describe soil pollution, provide accurate
area of soil pollution data has become more difficult.
The official also said that in this soil pollution survey, based on the Ministry of Environmental Protection will conduct detailed investigation of soil pollution with the Ministry of Finance, the Ministry of Agriculture, Ministry of Health and Family Planning Commission and other departments to organize, find out further soil environmental quality. Currently the overall implementation of the program has taken shape.
governance will be sent Soil Pollution Prevention Action Plan
ministry official said, and declared war on air pollution, as countries are or will be taking a series of measures to strengthen environmental protection and soil pollution, soil pollution and resolutely to war.
deployment of the State Council, Ministry of Environmental Protection, together with other relevant departments to step up the preparation of "Soil Pollution Prevention Action Plan." The plan will protect the safety of agricultural products and healthy living environment as a starting point, adhere to strictly control the source, the implementation of classification management, and to play the role of the market to guide public participation. At the same time, soil environmental legislative process will be further accelerated. It is understood that the second session of the NPC Standing Committee has been included in the legislative plan of the first soil environmental protection projects. Ministry of Environmental Protection in conjunction with relevant departments to set up the drafting of soil environmental regulations leadership team, working groups and expert groups accordingly. After nearly two years of effort, the draft law has been initially formed.
In addition, the state will conduct regional organizations in a typical soil pollution control pilot demonstration, and gradually establish a system of soil pollution remediation technologies, planned, step by step to promote the restoration of soil pollution, the pilot will advance in Xiangtan, Hunan Province launch area.
Q & A
1
Q: What are the characteristics of soil contamination A: Heavy metal contamination can not be completely reversed
Ministry of Environmental Protection and the Ministry of Land and relevant responsible person said, and air pollution, water pollution, compared with concealment and soil pollution hysteresis. Air pollution and water pollution are generally more intuitive, able to perceive through the senses. The soil contamination by soil sample analysis tend to crop detection, and even human and animal studies to determine the health effects. Soil pollution from generation to discover hazards usually longer.
Secondly, soil pollution are cumulative. Compared with the air and water pollutants in the soil harder to migration, proliferation and dilution. Thus, contaminants accumulate in the soil easily.
three soil contaminated with heterogeneity. Due to large differences in soil properties, and the slow migration of contaminants in the soil, resulting in uneven distribution of contaminants in the soil spatial variability is large.
Fourth soil contamination with hard reversible. Since heavy metals are difficult to degrade, resulting in heavy metal contaminated soil is basically a complete reversal of the process can not be. Furthermore, many organic pollutants in soil need a long time to degrade.
five soil pollution with the enormity of. Soil contamination in the event, relying solely on cutting pollution method is difficult to recover. Overall, the high cost of governance soil pollution, long cycle, is difficult.
2
Q: What harm soil contamination exists A: First, the quality of agricultural products affected
the official said, the yield and quality first, the impact of agricultural soil pollution. Soil contamination will affect crop growth, resulting in production; crop may absorb and concentrate certain pollutants affect the quality of agricultural products, has brought huge economic losses to agricultural production; Long-term consumption of contaminated agricultural products could seriously harm their health.
two safe living environment is hazardous. Soil pollution in residential, commercial, industrial and other construction sites may also be by oral ingestion, inhalation and skin contact, such as a variety of ways harmful to human health. Contaminated sites without direct control of development and construction, will cause long-term harm to the population concerned.
three threats to the ecological environment is safe. Soil pollution affect plants, soil animals (such as earthworms) and microbial (eg Rhizobium) growth and reproduction, endanger the normal soil ecological processes and ecosystem services, is not conducive to maintaining soil fertility and nutrient transformation, affecting the normal function of the soil. Soil contamination may occur transformation and migration, and then enter surface water, groundwater and atmospheric environment, the impact of other environmental media, may have caused contamination of drinking water sources.
3
Q: What food causes of heavy metals exceeded A: Long-term mining smelting caused the soil is contaminated
ministry official said, the food heavy metals exceeded for three main reasons: First, cadmium and other heavy metals in soil high background values. Southwest and south-central region of China is the basis of non-ferrous high levels in areas rich in mineral resources, cadmium and other heavy elements. Second, China's non-ferrous metals traditional mining areas, so Cheap customized jerseys far, the non-ferrous metal mining history for centuries, long-term mining, metal smelting and industrial wastewater containing heavy metals, soil pollution caused by waste discharge, resulting in food heavy metals exceeded. Third, due to climate change, environmental pollution resulting in acid rain increased soil acidification, enhanced under acidic conditions, the activity of soil heavy metals such as cadmium also increases, more easily absorbed by the cheap jerseys from china rice and other crops.
4
Q: There are ways to manage contaminated soils do A: There are three ways to decrease soil contaminated victims
Environmental Protection Department official said the contaminated soil can reduce their risk or hazard to repair and restore its function, but generally requires a lot of money and a longer period of time. Soil remediation by means of physical, chemical and biological methods transfer, absorption, degradation and conversion of pollutants in the soil, to reduce the concentration to an acceptable level, or hazardous contaminants into harmless substances generally include bioremediation, physical rehabilitation and repair of three classes of chemical methods. Due to the complexity of soil contamination, sometimes relying on a single method is difficult to repair soil contamination, need to use a variety of techniques.
bioremediation technologies are developed in the 1980s, the basic principle is the ability to take advantage of the unique biological decomposition of toxic and hazardous substances, to achieve the purpose of removing soil contaminants, including phytoremediation, microbial remediation and bio- bioremediation technology.
physical repair process by various physical means to remove contaminants from soil or separation techniques. Among them, the heat treatment technology suitable for soil remediation by organic pollution.
chemical remediation is pointing to the soil by adding chemical substances by adsorption of heavy metals and organic compounds, redox, or precipitation antagonistic action to reduce the bioavailability of contaminants in soil or toxicity.
pollution levels
The extent of soil pollution survey is divided into 5:
contaminant levels did not exceed the evaluation criteria for the pollution. Contaminant levels in 1 to 2 times (inclusive), is slightly polluted. Contaminant levels in 2 to 3 times (inclusive), as light pollution. Contaminant levels in 3 times to 5 times (inclusive), moderate pollution. Contaminant levels in more than five times, heavy pollution.
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